Underbuying protects cash—but can cost sales, customer trust, and service levels Most operations are losing cash in one of two directions, and they usually don't know which one until the damage is done. Overbuying feels safe. You've got stock, you can ship, nobody's calling you at noon because a lane is empty. But that comfort costs real money — working capital locked in pallets you won't touch for 90 days, rack space you're paying for, product that edges toward expiry or obs

The goal is lean inventory—not empty shelves There's a particular kind of pain that comes from a cycle count revealing six pallets of a SKU nobody's ordered in four months, sitting in prime rack space, while a fast-mover is shorted three weeks running. Both problems exist at the same time. That's not bad luck, that's a visibility gap. Reducing excess without triggering stockouts is less about purchasing strategy and more about knowing your actual inventory position before you